Water is precious for living organism, so various methods have to be implemented to preserve it. One of method for waste water management is zero discharge technology. It is the most cost effective method for treating the municipal and industrial effluents. This process utilizes the maximum quantity of the waste materials and generally leaves no waste effluent as suggested by its name. It recycles and reuses the entire volume of the sewage discharge. It employs the most advanced techniques of waste treatments such as R O System, ultra filtration, electrode ionization, evaporation and crystallization. It finds extensive application in industrial areas.
Among the advanced technologies one more name that can be added is that of Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) technology. This process utilizes the filtration techniques such as ultra filtration or micro filtration carried out by a membrane unit connected with a suspended growth bio reactor. This device is available in two different setups. One configuration is the internal or submerged type wherein the membranes are inserted and connected within the bio reactor while the second setup is external type where there are two separate units each of the membranes and the reactor supplied with an intermediary pumping system. It is a very cost effective process for industrial and municipal waste water treatments.
One alternative to the MBR technology is the Moving bed bioreactor (MBBR) technology. The MBBR equipment is more simplified in its operation than the MBR. It is also available at more reasonable cost than its other counterparts. It consists of a series of bio film carriers. These bio film carriers act as protective shield and a grid is connected through this unit which supplies the oxygen required for the process. The bacteria which act as the protagonist in the bio degradation of the waste particles are synthesized by the bio film carriers. These MBBR plants are compact in design and are also very reliable.
Thus, it can be concluded that with the development of industries and population explosion we are ought to suffer with the scarcity of this imperative natural resource. To avoid such situations we need to garner the most efficient and eco –friendly techniques for its conservation and also for waste treatment.
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Author : Amit Kumar |
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