He even handed over intelligence information collected by law enforcement officials that led the traffickers to target people for murder, according to an indictment unsealed on Wednesday in United States District Court in Virginia.

The document does not give details, but it appears that the murders may have been in retaliation for cooperating with authorities.

Mr. Santoyo, who was eventually promoted to the rank of general in the National Police, is now retired.

The Web site of the Bogotá newspaper El Tiempo reported Monday that Mr. Santoyo said he had not seen the indictment and could not comment on the charges.

A spokesman for the federal prosecutor’s office in the Eastern District of Virginia said that Mr. Santoyo was not currently in custody. He would not say whether officials had asked Colombia to arrest and extradite Mr. Santoyo.

The indictment was an embarrassment to Mr. Uribe, who has remained a high-profile figure since leaving office in 2010. He has been highly critical of his successor, Juan Manuel Santos, including his approach to the war on drugs.

On Sunday, Mr. Uribe called, in a Twitter post, for Mr. Santoyo and the National Police to respond to the charges.

Jenny Carolina González contributed reporting from Bogotá, Colombia, and Andrew W. Lehren from New York.