Extreame Heat Safty Heat Related Illness |
Posted: July 28, 2016 |
Extreme heat conditions can put many people at risk for heat-related illnesses. High heat and humidity makes it difficult for our body to maintain a normal temperature and fluid balance. This can lead to dehydration, hospitalization, and even death. People who may be at a higher risk of experiencing heat-related illnesses are older adults (65 years of age and greater), children, people with chronic medical conditions, and those who engage in strenuous outdoor activity (exercise, manual labor). Knowing the types of heat-related illnesses and how to identify them can help you make sure you keep your loved-ones safe during these hot summer months. -Heat cramps-These are muscle pains and spams that occur in the legs or abdomen. Heat cramps are the least severe heat-related illness and are usually the first sign that your body is having trouble in the heat. If someone is experiencing heat cramps, get them to a cooler place, lightly stretch the affected muscle(s), and replenish their fluids (water, a sports drink, fruit juice, or milk will work). -Heat exhaustion-This will usually present with heavy sweating; weakness; elevated but weak pulse; cold, pale, and clammy skin; nausea/vomiting; and/or fainting. Heat exhaustion commonly affects people who engage in vigorous work or exercise during high heat and humidity. Blood flow to the skin increases to help keep the body cool, but this decreases blood flow to vital organs. If someone is experiencing heat exhaustion, get them to a cooler place, remove/loosen tight clothing, apply cool wet cloths, and replenish fluids [sip 4 ounces (1/2 cup) of fluid every 15 minutes]. Continue to check on them, and if their condition does not improve, they have a change in consciousness, or they vomit, seek immediate medical attention. -Heat stroke-This is a life-threating condition where the body can no longer cool itself, leading to elevated body temperatures that can cause organ damage. Heat stroke occurs if heat exhaustion is not properly managed. Symptoms of heat stroke include elevated body temperature (> 103oF); hot, red skin that can dry or moist; changes in consciousness; confusion; vomiting; rapid pulse; and rapid shallow breathing. If someone is experiencing a heat stroke, call 9-1-1 immediately. While help is on the way, move the person to a cooler place, remove/loosen tight clothing, and decrease their body temperature. You can lower their body temperature by applying cool, wet clothes; putting the person in a cool bath; spraying the person with cold water; or covering the person with bags of ice. DO NOT give fluids because patients may be at risk for pulmonary edema (fluid getting into the lungs) and choking (especially if they are unconscious or vomiting). The best treatment for heat-related illnesses is prevention. Check out the link below to see how can keep your cool during extreme heat events! Sources: 1. Warning Signs and Symptoms of Heat-Related Illness. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/extremeheat/warning.html. Last Updated June 20, 2011. Accessed July 19, 2016. 2. Glazer JL. Management of heatstroke and heat exhaustion. Am Fam Physician. 2005;71(11):2133-40. 3. Heat Wave Safety. American Red Cross. http://www.redcross.org/get-help/prepare-for-emergencies/types-of-emergencies/heat-wave-safety#/Treat-Heat-Related Illness. Accessed July 19, 2016. 4. Extreme heat. Department of Homeland Security. https://www.ready.gov/heat. Accessed July 19, 2016. Edited on 7/27/2016 by WalgreensPharmacist
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